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Introduction to the Quran

What is the Quran?

  •  A Holy Book brought to Prophet Muhammed ﷺ, revealed to him through Hazrat Jibril (AS) or Angel Gabriel
  •  The Angel Gabriel (Jibril) was sent by Allah (SWT) to reveal the Quranic verses to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
  •  It is a direct word of Allah 
  •  Quran was revealed over a span of 23 years, it was not compiled yet
  •  It was later compiled by companions of the Prophet after his death
Structure of the Quran:
  • The Quran is made up of 6,236 verses (or ayat, which means sign, proof, or miracle)
  • It is divided into 114 surahs or chapters
  • Each surah has its own topic and theme
  • Surahs are ordered based on the topic and the theme they talk about
Surahs:
  • Each line of a surah is an ayat  (plural for ayahs)
  • Surah means something divided or enclosed from both sides 
  • Even though the Quran is NOT arranged based on the order of revelation (exposure), all the surahs are arranged based on their themes/topics by companions of the Prophet
  • There are 114 surahs in the Quran
  • Generally, verses & surahs cover 3 main topics:
    • Rules for our relationship with Allah & His creation
    • Stories of prophets as well as good & evil people
    • The Unseen--things that we believe in without seeing, such as Allah and the Judgment Day
  • Fun Fact!: All surahs begin with Bismillah except surah No. 9 called At-Tawbah! 
Makki & Madani Surahs:
  • The 114 surahs of the Quran are usually classified based on their periods of revelation (when it was exposed) into Makki and Madani 
  • Why is it important to know if a verse is Makki or Madani?
    • To understand the history of the progress of the Muslim Community
    • To see the development of Islamic law
    • To see how the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) dealt with his people who were at the time disbelievers or polytheists
    • Help us to understand the verse properly and benefit from its guidance if we know when the verse was revealed
Makki Surahs:
  • 86 surahs are called Makki because they were revealed in Mecca. These surahs are usually short and focus on: 
    • The belief in the One True God
    • Allah’s ability to create and bring everyone back to 
    • life for judgment 
    • The reward of the believers
    • The punishment of the deniers (non-believers)
    • Judgment Day 
Madani Surahs:
  • The other 28 surahs are called Madani  because they were revealed in Madinah 
  • These surahs are usually long and made up of long verses They focus on: 
    • Rulings about acts of worship 
    •  People’s duty towards Allah
    • Their relationship with each other (including business, marriage, war, peace)
Prophets:
  • Every prophet was given a miracle to prove that Allah is indeed worthy of worship and to disprove the disbelievers so that they may believe in Allah. The miracle was usually relevant to his people and their skills
  • The Quran itself is a living miracle at the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ because the prophet at the time didn’t know how to read so when the angel (Jibril) came to reveal the pages of the Quran he immediately recognized and knew the words, so he suddenly knew how to read 
  • The Quran is unique compared to other books because the Quran is a direct word of Allah. The word of Allah has been memorized by millions of Muslims which has preserved the context and verses (Hafiz). It is the only Holy book whose message has not been lost!




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